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Modern browsers have built-in development tools for working with JavaScript and other web technologies. These tools include a console, similar to a shell interface, and tools for inspecting the DOM, debugging, and analyzing network activity.
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The console can be used to document information as part of the JavaScript development process, and also allows you to interact with a web page by executing JavaScript expressions in the context of the page. Basically, the console gives you the ability to write, manage, and monitor JavaScript on demand.
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This guide describes how to work with the console and JavaScript in the context of a browser, and provides an overview of other built-in development tools that you may use as part of your web development process.
Note. As you continue with this tutorial, you may notice that your browser and console look different from the examples in the images. Browsers are updated frequently and include new tools and possibly a new visual style. These updates should not affect your ability to use the console in a browser.
Most modern web browsers that support standards-based HTML and XHTML give you access to a developer console where you can work with JavaScript in a terminal shell-like interface. This section describes how to access the console in Firefox and Chrome.
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To open the web terminal in Firefox, navigate to the ☰ menu in the upper left corner next to the address bar.
To open the JavaScript console in Chrome, you can navigate to the menu in the upper-right corner of the browser window, marked with three vertical dots. From there you can select More Tools and then Developer Tools.
This will open a panel where you can click Console in the top menu bar to open the JavaScript console if it’s not already checked:
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Instead of receiving pop-up notifications that you have to click, you can work with JavaScript by logging in using the console
If you need to change a command you entered through the terminal, you can type the up arrow key (↑) on your keyboard to bring up the previous command. This allows you to edit the command and resend it.
The JavaScript console gives you a place to experiment with JavaScript code in real time, allowing you to use an environment similar to a terminal shell interface.
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You can work in the context of an HTML file or a dynamically rendered page in the terminal. This gives you the opportunity to experiment with JavaScript code in the context of existing HTML, CSS, and JavaScript.
Note that if you reload the page after editing it in the console, it will return to the state it was in before you changed the document. Be sure to save any changes you want to save elsewhere.
File to understand how to use the console to modify it. Create a file in your favorite text editor
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If you save the HTML file above and load it in your browser of choice, a blank page will appear with a title
Open a terminal and start working with JavaScript to modify the page. To begin, use JavaScript to add a header to your HTML.
Once this element is created, you can proceed to create a text node that can be added to the paragraph:
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The console gives you a place to experiment with editing HTML pages, but it’s important to remember that when you’re working in the console, you’re not editing the HTML document itself. After reloading the page, it will return to a blank document.
Depending on the browser development tools you use, you can use other tools to facilitate your web development workflow.
Every time a web page is loaded, the browser that hosts it creates the page’s Document Object Model, or DOM.
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DOM is a tree of objects and displays HTML elements in a hierarchical view. The DOM tree is available for viewing in the Inspector panel in Firefox or the Elements panel in Chrome.
These tools allow you to inspect and edit DOM elements, as well as identify the HTML associated with a particular page aspect. The DOM can tell you if the text or image has an id attribute and help you determine the value of that attribute.
The modified page above has a DOM view similar to what was displayed before the page was reloaded:
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In addition, you can see CSS styles in the side panel or below the DOM panel, which allows you to see which styles are used in an HTML document or when using a CSS style sheet. For example, notice what the body style of your sample Firefox inspector page contains:
To edit a DOM node in real-time, double-click the selected element and make changes. For example, you can change an
As with the console, reloading the page returns the HTML document to its original saved state.
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The Network tab in your browser’s built-in developer tools can monitor and log network requests. This tab displays the browser’s network requests, including page load time, duration of each request, and details of each request. It can be used to optimize page load and debug request issues.
You can use the grid tab next to the JavaScript terminal. This means you can start debugging a page with the console and then switch to the Network tab to see network activity without reloading the page.
To learn more about using the Network tab, read about working with Firefox’s Network Monitor or getting started with analyzing network performance using Chrome’s developer tools.
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When websites are responsive, they are designed and developed to look and function properly on a variety of devices: mobile phones, tablets, desktops, and laptops. Screen size, pixel density and supportive touch sensitivity are factors to consider when developing devices. As a web developer, it’s important to remember the principles of responsive design so that your sites are fully accessible to people, regardless of the device they’re using.
Both Firefox and Chrome provide you with modes that ensure responsive design principles are taken into account when creating and developing websites and web applications. These modes emulate different devices that you can explore and analyze as part of the development process.
Learn more about Responsive Design Mode in Firefox or Device Mode in Chrome to learn more about how to use these tools to ensure more equal access to web technologies.
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This guide provided an overview of working with the JavaScript console in modern web browsers, as well as information about other development tools you can use in your workflow.
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Thank you. I tried to puzzle in different browsers and console. This is a great explanation. JavaScript is a programming language that we can use to make a website interactive. When we search for something on Google or click on a link, our website changes—that’s what JavaScript allows us to do.
First, we’ll use Sublime to create an index.html file that contains the usual basic information, and we’ll also create a hotkey here in our body tag.
After that, we create a js folder and put inside it a file called script.js – this name is conventional. Next, we’ll link this JS file to our code just like we did with our CSS and bootstrap in the previous tutorials. It goes to our main label.
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And now we have JavaScript! Nothing looks different right now, but we’re up and ready to code. Now suppose we want to surprise our friend with a hidden message. When the screen first loads, only the Click Here button is displayed, but when they click that button, a hidden message appears. First, let’s create this hidden message and add CSS to make it hidden at first…
Now, when we refresh the page, we see that even though we wrote the code for this element, it is hidden because we set the displayed property to None.
All we need to do is write the JavaScript so that when the button is clicked a message will appear, so let’s go to script.js and write a function. To create a function, we type the keyword function and then the function name – here it’s discoverMessage. If we were to add parameters to the function, we would enclose them in parentheses, but
