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This article was co-authored by Gonzalo Martinez and staff writer Nicole Levine, MFA. Gonzalo Martinez is president of CleverTech, a technical repair company founded in San Jose, California, in 2014. CleverTech LLC specializes in repairing Apple products. CleverTech maintains environmental responsibility by recycling aluminum, display components and micro-components of motherboards for reuse in future repairs. On average, they save 2 to 3 pounds more e-waste per day than the average computer repair shop.
How To Fix Ssl Errors
An SSL certificate is a special file used to encrypt connections to remote servers, such as sites you visit on the web. If you notice errors about SSL or certificates (or you see a message that your connection is not private), you can fix the problem by performing simple tasks on your computer. However, if adjusting your computer’s date and time, clearing cookies, updating your browser, or clearing your computer’s SSL status doesn’t resolve the error, the problem may be with the SSL certificate, not your computer. It teaches you how to fix SSL certificate errors while browsing the web.
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This article was co-authored by Gonzalo Martinez and staff writer Nicole Levine, MFA. Gonzalo Martinez is president of CleverTech, a technical repair company founded in San Jose, California, in 2014. CleverTech LLC specializes in repairing Apple products. CleverTech maintains environmental responsibility by recycling aluminum, display components and micro-components of motherboards for reuse in future repairs. On average, they save 2 to 3 pounds more e-waste per day than the average computer repair shop. This article has been viewed 37,633 times. What do you think of websites that show SSL/TLS certificate errors when you visit them? Most people give it up out of frustration. A certain level of trust and respect for the service has been lost. After putting a lot of effort and time into getting users to your site, users find that the site is down or displays a warning, which will lead to user dissatisfaction.
Also, if the downtime or warning is due to a safety issue, it can also damage your brand image.
As we worked to improve the SSL certificate monitoring capabilities of our synthetic monitoring solution, Synthetics, we learned a lot about how browsers and other clients handle SSL certificates and errors caused by invalid certificates. So, in this post, I’ll share a list of the most common SSL certificate errors that can cause your browser to block your website, along with tips on how to prevent or fix them. I’ll also show you how to use Synthetics to monitor your website’s SSL certificates.
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SSL stands for Secure Sockets Layer and it is a standard security protocol that enables encrypted communication between a client (web browser) and a server (web server). Transport Layer Security (TLS) is the successor to SSL.
SSL certificates are server-hosted data files that make SSL encryption possible. It contains the server’s public key and identity. An SSL certificate is a digital certificate issued by a legitimate third-party certificate authority that verifies the identity of the certificate owner.
Whenever you visit a website whose URL starts with HTTPS, it means that the server has SSL. Before retrieving data from the server, a web browser obtains an SSL certificate to verify the server’s identity.
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SSL helps secure sensitive information (such as usernames, passwords, credit cards, etc.) by encrypting data between the client and server. You need SSL for three reasons: privacy, integrity, and authentication.
SSL certificates help browsers verify the identity of a website. By using an SSL certificate, the browser can ensure that it connects to the exact website the user wants. An SSL certificate guarantees that you are the legitimate and verified owner of the website.
Needless to say, you should always be on the lookout for any SSL error messages you might get, otherwise your website visitors will get errors about your website certificate.
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When a browser connects to your secure website, the web server returns a list of SSL certificates to verify its identity. Browsers perform various checks on these SSL certificates. Only when all checks pass will the browser continue to display the website to the user.
Invalid SSL certificate occurs when the browser cannot verify the SSL certificate returned by the server. When an error occurs, the browser blocks the website and warns the user that the website is not trusted, as shown below. These warnings can negatively affect user confidence in your website.
SSL certificate errors can be caused by a variety of reasons. Here are the most common types of SSL errors and how to prevent or fix them:
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This is the most common cause of SSL certificate errors. This error indicates that the validity period of the SSL certificate has expired. Each certificate has an expiration date. Clients will reject expired certificates. The validity period is usually about one year. So it’s easy to forget to renew the certificate before it expires.
Browsers perform this check on all certificates in the chain (leaf, intermediate, and root) to ensure expiration. You must make sure that the leaf certificate and semi-certificate have not expired.
Tip: To avoid errors due to expired certificates, make sure to monitor the expiration date of the SSL certificate and renew the certificate before it expires. Use a certificate manager such as AWS Certificate Manager or Let’s Encrypt to automatically renew certificates before they expire.
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An invalid certificate error occurs when the browser receives an SSL certificate whose validity period has not yet begun. Today, a certificate manager is often used to manage the server’s certificate. The manager will automatically deploy the new certificate, which is valid from the time of deployment. If the client machine is 5 minutes late due to misconfiguration or other reasons, the client will reject the certificate. This is often the case for API clients when the client computer clocks are out of sync.
Fix: Replace SSL certificate with a new one with a valid start time. Make sure that the client computer’s clock is synchronized with the server’s clock.
Tip: To avoid deploying a certificate that has not been activated, check the validity start time before deploying the server certificate. Also, if you use a certificate manager to manage your certificates, make sure you are notified of certificate renewals and details of the new certificate.
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Earlier this year, the CA/B Forum decided to limit the validity period of all newly issued certificates to 398 days to keep users’ web environments safe. Starting September 1, 2020, all major browsers (Google Chrome, Mozilla Firefox, and Apple Safari) will reject certificates issued after this date that are valid for more than 398 days.
Tip: As the lifespan of the certificate decreases, you will need to replace the certificate periodically. It is recommended to use a certificate manager to manage your certificates. Monitoring your certificate expiration time can help alert you before it happens.
This error indicates that the hostname of the website is missing from the certificate. To prevent man-in-the-middle attacks, the browser checks that it is talking to the correct server. The browser checks the hostname of the website against the list of hostnames contained in the leaf certificate. If it doesn’t match, the client will assume it is talking to the wrong server, reject the certificate and prevent the connection. The hostname details are in the commonName and subjectAltName (SAN) fields of the leaf certificate.
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Fix: When reusing a certificate across multiple websites or subdomains, make sure the certificate contains the domain name of all websites.
Tip: Use a wildcard certificate to cover all subdomains or use a SAN certificate to cover multiple hostnames.
An invalid or incomplete certificate chain error occurs when the browser cannot establish a valid chain of trust between the browser’s certificate and the list of trusted root certificates.
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Each browser maintains a set of trusted root certificates. When the browser receives the certificate from the server, it starts chaining your website certificates until it reaches any of the trusted root certificates. It attempts to establish an SSL chain of trust — an ordered list of certificates that allows browsers to prove that a website’s server and certificate authority are trustworthy. If the browser cannot establish a chain for your certificate, for example due to missing intermediate certificates, it will reject the certificate.
Tip: To avoid certificate chain errors due to missing intermediate certificates, always deploy leaf certificates and all intermediate certificates on your server.
This error occurs if any leaf or intermediate certificates on your website are revoked and are on the list of revoked certificates.
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The certificate authority will revoke the compromised certificate before the certificate expires. The certificate authority maintains a list of revoked certificates